EMI Free Loan?

एक ऐसा लोन जिसमें नही देनी होगी ईएमआई

अब तक आपको लोन लेने के बाद आपको हर महीने उसकी EMI देनी पड़ती है, लेकिन अब आपके पास एक और विकल्प है। जरूरत के मुताबिक काम आने वाले लोनों में से एक नए प्रकार के लोन की पेशकश की जा रही है। इस लोन में आपको EMI देने की जरूरत नहीं है। इस लोन को ईएमआई फ्री लोन के नाम से जाना जाता है

क्या है EMI Free Loan?

ईएमआई फ्री लोन में ग्राहक लोन की मूल राशि को त्रैमासिक, छमाही या अपने कैश फ्लो के हिसाब से टुकड़ों में जमा करा सकते हैं। यानी आपको हर महीने ईएमआई देने की जरूरत नहीं है। आपको बतादें कि आपके कर्ज की राशि और उसके ब्याज को जोड़कर आपके कुल रकम को तय समयसीमा में बांटकर हर महीने की ईएमआई तय की जाती है, लेकिन ईएमआई फ्री लोन में आपको हर महीने ईएमआई भरने की जरूरत नहीं होगी।

इन ग्राहकों को मिलता है ईएमआई फ्री लोन

आपको बता दें कि ईएमआई फ्री लोन केवल उन्हीं ग्राहकों को देते हैं, जिनकी न्यूनतम सैलरी 30,000 रुपए महीने हो और वे किसी लिमिटेड या प्राइवेट लिमिटेड कंपनी या सरकारी विभाग में काम कर रहे हों। इस लोन में ग्राहकों को हर महीने की ईएमआई से मुक्ति मिल जाती है। लोगों की सैलरी का अधिकतर हिस्सा ट्रैवल पर होने वाले खर्च, किराया और लोन की ईएमआई में चला जाता है, ऐसे में उनके पास कुछ और चीजों के लिए पैसे ही नहीं बचते हैं।इन्हीं बातों को ध्यान में रखकर लोगों को लोन के प्रति आकर्षित करने के लिए नए तरह का लोन 'ईएमआई-फ्री लोन' पेश किया गया है।

क्या हैं EMI Free Loan के फायदे?

1. इस लोन के फायदे की बात करें तो इसमें हर महीने ग्राहक को सिर्फ ब्याज राशि ही जमा करानी होती है। आप 6 महीने पर मूल राशि जमा कर सकते हैं। इसकी वजह से आपकी जेब पर बोझ कम होता है।

2. इस तरह के लोन में छह महीने तक लोन डिस्बर्समेंट के बाद ग्राहक के पास लोन के पूर्व भुगतान का विकल्प होता है। ईएमआई फ्री लोन में अगर आप स मय से पहले लोन का भुगतान करते हैं तो आपको कोई एक्सट्रा पे करने की जरूरत नहीं पड़ती है।

3. ईएमआई फ्री लोन24 घंटे के भीतर डिस्बर्स्ड हो जाते हैं।

4. इस तरह के लोन में निजी कंपनियों द्वारा की जाती है।इस लोन में ग्राहक को मूल राशि को बढ़ाने या घटाने का भी विकल्प मिलता है।

www.bestcart4you.com

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5 Important Tips to Choose a Good Web Hosting Provider

Here is your first bit of web host buying news, and it is not good: unless you happen to have some very sophisticated web tools at your disposal, you cannot be sure of your web host’s hosting services. However, just like buying any service, there are ways to avoid getting ripped off.Here are a few things you need to consider when buying web hosting:

A free web host comes at a cost
This is a burningly accurate statement which you ignore at your peril. Your first thought may be that if you use a free website service, then you have nothing to lose. But, what you in-fact have to lose is any and all the time and money you invest into building, developing and maintaining your website.

Most free services install adverts onto your website, which is going to cost you some credibility. Others will make it so that you cannot leave the host once you are on there, so you will have to leave your website where it sits and start a new one if you want to leave the host. Some free services have a very poorly maintained server, which is going to be hacked frequently, which means that anything you upload is not safe.

Be careful when reading reviews
If you are not at the stage where you are cynical about everything you read online, then please send five dollars to this site. If you are already cynical about everything you read, then be careful when it comes to hosting reviews.

Ideally, if you want to find a good hosting service, the you need to start looking at hosting reviews. But, do not look at the positive reviews because they are written by the hosting company. You need to look at the negative reviews. Think about it, when you pay for a service and they do their job, do you go online and write a good review about them? No, you do not. So, why would you believe all of the good reviews online?

You need to look at the bad reviews. You need to look for consistency within the negative reviews. For example, if you were buying a microwave and several negative reviews mentioned that its paint flakes off, then you may draw that conclusion that its paint probably flakes off. You need to do the same thing with the hosting service and look for consistencies throughout the negative reviews.

The distance selling laws apply
The people selling you hosting services should not be able to lie to you. If they say that they install the latest and most advanced virus checkers on their servers, then they have to by law, otherwise you can sue them. If they say that they give you a massive bandwidth amount, then they have to give you the amount they quoted.

This is because the distance selling laws allow you to sue the people who lie and mis-advertise to you. However, the laws do not apply across the world. If you are dealing with a company in the European Union, or with Canada, or in America itself, then the distance selling laws apply. If not, then people can lie to you about their hosting services and there is nothing you can do about it.

Concentrate on disk space and bandwidth
These are the things that are going to affect your website the most directly and in the most positive or negative manner. It is up to you to find the amount of disk space and bandwidth that you are going to need for your particular website. You really need to check to see if your host offers an upgrade service where you can buy more bandwidth or disk space.

If they do not then you need to look upon them with great suspicion, as it may mean that they are selling-on their own bandwidth and disk space, which is not going to be ideal for you. Plus, if you cannot upgrade then you risk having a popular website that you cannot expand, or that only a limited number of people can visit at one time.

Call their technical support staff
The bad hosts have great sales staff that answer right away, and terrible support or complaints staff that leave you on hold for a long time. Call the support or complaints staff to see how long it takes before you talk to a person. Also, do not go for a host that charges you more than the standard phone call rate for any sort of technical support.

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8 Important Factors To Consider Before Choosing A Web Host

 

Choosing a good web hosting provider is the first and perhaps the most important decision one needs to make to build a successful online presence. With a plethora of web hosts put there, choosing the best one can be confusing task for the beginners. So here are 8 most important factors you need to keep in kind while choosing a web host to derive maximum benefits:

1) Pricing: Pricing is the first and one of the most important factors that you need to consider while  choosing a web host. Avoid going for cheap plans as they  have limited features and hence aren’t best suited for the long run.  That said, an expensive doesn’t guarantee value for money either.  Choose the one that offers you with the diversity of selection within affordable expenses.

2) Technical Support: When choosing a host for your company it is very important to consider the quality of technical support and customer services provided. Look at the services they offer. How is the support for these services offered- live chat, mails, phone calls, or ticket system. Is it available 24×7 or just specific times in a day? Do they’ve  toll free numbers? All these are important criteria that need to be paid due attention to.

3) Software: Software is yet another important factor. Always check if their software is compatible with yours or not. Do they support your web design software? Are they willing to provide you with the online storage space and bandwidth? Does the hosting provider support Email, POP3, SMTP, IMAP, Auto responders, Email forwarders etc? This is very vital if you have a big website which is growing rapidly. It will not be wise to buy a plan that offers only limited space.

4) Data Transfer: Go with the company that offers you with the higher data transfer allowance. There are some companies that claim to offer a

n unlimited data allowance which is not entirely true. So be sure that you read the terms and the conditions of the companies carefully. For a small to medium sized business website, 5-10 gigabytes bandwidth is enough.

5) Reputation: The reputation of the company is important to consider while choosing a web host. Watch the online space, there are a lot of forums  where you can find active discussions and critique of most hosting companies. Are there too many negative feedbacks for the web host you’re considering to opt for? If yes, you can give it a skip.

6) Server Space: Again, like the server space and data allowance, there are companies that will offer you with loads of email accounts that you will hardly ever use. ‘Unlimited accounts’ is the only selling point of these companies.  If you have a large organization with  thousands of employees working under you, such offers might be beneficial for you. But if you’re an SMB, ten to fifteen email accounts should do the job.

7) Mailing Script: Regardless of the type of online business you have,

  you will require installation of CGI script. Whether it is a contract through processor, management mailing script or any other fancy credit card script, your hosting account needs to have them installed to run properly. These  scripts make sure that the performance of the server is never affected.

8) Features: Features are something that can break or make your website. Always have a look at the different add-ons a company is offering. Do they offer an option of adding cart to the site, integration of social media, website builder tools, SSL certificate, mobile website builder etc?

Wrapping things up:
After taking into consideration all the factors listed above, take your time searching for a web host. It is a one time thing as transferring a site from one host to another is a very cumbersome process. You’ll be with the company you choose for at least a year, so make sure that you make a wise decision.

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JMD Computer Sales and Services

This Blog Is a Very Useful for a New and Old User they all get a Well knowledge About Computer.

in reference to:

"JMD Computer Sales and Services"
- JMD Computer Sales and Services (view on Google Sidewiki)

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What Is Web Hosting?

Web hosting is the act of renting space and bandwidth through a  company so that you may publish your web site online.Whenever you visit a website, what you see on your web browser is an array of files that are provided to for your viewing pleasure instantly. These files are hosted on a physical server. The company that host these files is called a web hosting company. These files are populated to your screen by a web hosting company.

A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to provide their own website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center, called collocation.

There are many types of hosting:

Dedicated Hosting

Reseller Hosting

Shared Web Hosting

Free Web Hosting

Collocation Hosting

Managed Hosting

Hosting uptime refers to the percentage of time the host is accessible via the internet. Many providers state that they aim for a 99.9% uptime, but there may be server restarts and planned (or unplanned) maintenance in any hosting environment.

A common claim from the popular hosting providers is ‘99% or 99.9% server uptime’ but this often refers only to a server being powered on and doesn’t account for network downtime. Real downtime can potentially be larger than the percentage guaranteed by the provider. Many providers tie uptime and accessibility into their own service level agreement (SLA). SLAs sometimes include refunds or reduced costs if performance goals are not met.

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hide-history-of-websites-you-visited

We search for lots of information on the internet. But it is not necessary that others know about this. Whenever you visit any website this information is captured and stored in your computer in the form of 'cache', 'cookie', 'history', and 'windows registry'. There is a danger due to this. Whoever uses the same computer after you have used can find out which websites you have been visiting. If you have a personal computer that no one else will ever use, then you don't have to worry much about this. But if your home or office computer is shared then you better clear this history. In this tutorial let us see how to completely remove the recently visited websites from your computer.

 

  1. Cache Folder

      Every time you visit a website, every browser has the functionality to store the images, websites, urls etc in your hard disk somewhere in the temporary folders. This is useful to save bandwidth. When you visit the same website again, instead of downloading all the images again, the browser will retrieve them from the temporary folders from your hard disks and therefore increasing the speed and saving internet bandwidth. So when you finish browsing you can clear these temporary folders. This temporary folder is usually referred to as Cache. The exact location of this folder will differ based on the browser you are using. For instance if you use Internet explorer then this cache is located in the 'Temporary Internet Files' folder under your c:\Windows folder.

      You can either delete from this folder or you can delete it from your browser. Goto Tools-> Internet Options. Under the General tab click 'Delete Files' button.

 

2. History

     All the browsers also store the urls of every website you visit. This is used to show the address of the site on the 'Address Bar' when you start typing the first few letters of the web sited address; the browser will take from the history and prompt you for the full address. This makes your job easier so that you need not type the full address every time. But if you want to hide the sites you visit then you have to remove this history also. Internet explorer stores this history in a folder called 'History' under c:\Windows folder.

      Or you can delete history from your browser. Goto Tools-> Internet Options. Select the 'General' tab and click on 'Clear History' button. In the confirmation dialog box select 'OK'. This will clear your history.

3. Cookies

      Whenever you visit websites, some information about you and some information about that website are stored in your computer's hard disk. When you visit the same site again, the information stored in this cookie file will be read to identify you. This is especially useful for sites that can personalize the site for you and displays messages such as 'welcome your name' etc. But this cookie also stores the name of the site you visit so you should also delete these cookies if you want to hide the sites you visited.

      To delete cookies, go to Tools->Internet Options. And click on 'Delete Cookies' button. Or you can choose the security tab and click on 'Custom Level' button to disable or enable cookies.

4. Registry

      Another place in which the websites you visited are stored is the windows registry. It is not advisable to modify registries if you are not sure how to use them. Only those who are confident and willing to take risk should touch the registry. Click on 'Start->Run' and type 'regedit' and press enter. The windows registry will open. Now click on 'Edit->find' and type 'URL History'. In the right hand side you can see a list of website addresses that you visited. You can select them one by one and delete them. Programs, viruses and hackers.

Source: - http://www.allpctips.com/internet/hide-history-of-websites-you-visited.htm

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How To Trace An Email

What is an email header?

Each email you receive comes with headers. The headers contain information about the routing of the email and the originating IP of the email. Not all emails you receive can be traced back to the originating point and depending on how you send emails determines whether or not they can trace the email back to you. The headers don't contain any personal information. At most, you can get the originating IP and the computer name that sent the email. The originating IP can be looked up to determine from where the email was sent. IP address location information DOES NOT contain your street address or phone number. It will most likely determine the city and the ISP the sender used.

How do I get the email header?

Each email program will vary as to how you get to the email options. I'll cover the basics...the rest is up to you.

• Outlook

Right click the email while it's in the inbox and choose Message Options. A window will open with the headers in the bottom of the window.

• Windows Live Mail

Right click the email while it's in the inbox, choose Properties, then click the Details tab.

• GMail

Open the email. In the upper right corner of the email you'll see the word Reply with a little down arrow to the right. Click the down arrow and choose Show Original.

• Hotmail

Right click the email in the inbox and choose View Message Source.

• Yahoo!

Right click the email in the inbox and choose View Full Headers.

You can see that no matter the email program, the headers are usually just a right click away.

I've got the header, now what?

Usually the first IP listed is where the email originated. There are exceptions to this. You'll have to look at the information logically to deduce the originating IP.

Can any email be traced?

Yes and No. For example, someone who sends an email to your hotmail account shows in the X-Originating IP section of the headers. However, someone who sends you an email from GMail can ONLY be traced back to the GMail servers.

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/how-to-trace-an-email.asp

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Router Support

A lot of users in the What Is My IP Forum will ask us for help with their router. Unless it's one we specifically own, our help will be limited. The links below are to provide users a way to find their users manual on their Routers Manufacturer's site. If you've still got questions, you can ask them in the Router Configuration Forum.

• Belkin
• Buffalo
• D-Link
• Linksys
• NetGear

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/router-support.asp

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What Is MAC Cloning?

MAC cloning can only be done at your router providing it has those capabilities. Most ISPs assign their IPs based on the MAC address in your equipment. If the MAC address of your router is 00-11-22-33-44-55 and you connect to your ISP, the DHCP server records your MAC and assigns an IP. If you disconnect from the ISP, you lose your IP address. The next time you connect, the DHCP server sees your MAC, looks to see if it has assigned an IP address to you before. If it has and the lease time has not expired, it will most likely give you the same IP address you had before disconnecting. Why clone a MAC address? New MAC address most likely equals new IP. How to clone your MAC and if your router has this feature is dependent on the router itself. You’ll need to find the instructions on the manufacturer’s website. Check out our Router Support page to get started.

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/what-is-mac-cloning.asp

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What is a MAC address?

A MAC address is a physical hardware address assigned to each device that has the capability of connecting to a network. The internet is nothing more than a large network. The MAC address is something that is assigned in the chip on the device and is not something the user can change.

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source:http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/what-is-a-mac-address.asp

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UNIX IP Commands

Display Current Config for all NIC's: ifconfig

Display Current Config for dc0: ifconfig dc0

Assign multiple IP's: ifconfig dc0:0 192.168.1.2

Assign second IP: ifconfig dc0:1 192.168.1.3

Disable network card: ifconfig dc0 down

Enable network card: ifconfig dc0 up

Assign IP/Subnet: ifconfig dc0 inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

Assign Gateway: route delete default && route add default 192.168.1.1

You MUST be at the ROOT user to make/save any changes. You will need to save your changes in the /etc/rc.conf file. Network cards are referred to as dc0, dc1, dc2, etc based on their position on the PCI bus.

Special thanks to Romanov Sergey Vladimirovich from Moscow for the UNIX command.

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/unix-ip-commands.asp

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Linux IP Commands

Display Current Config for all NIC's: ifconfig

Display Current Config for eth0: ifconfig eth0

Assign IP: ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2

Ping: ping -c 3 192.168.1.1

Assign multiple IP's: ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.2

Assign second IP: ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.3

Disable network card: ifconfig eth0 down

Enable network card: ifconfig eth0 up

View current routing table: route "or" route -n

View arp cache: arp "or" arp -n

Assign IP/Subnet: ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

Assign Default Gateway: route add default gw 192.168.1.1

Trace Route: traceroute www.whatismyip.com

Trace Path: tracepath www.whatismyip.com

DNS Test: host www.whatismyip.com

Advanced DNS Test: dig www.whatismyip.com

Reverse Lookup: host 66.11.119.69

Advanced Reverse Lookup: dig -x 66.11.119.69

You MUST be at the ROOT user to make/save any changes. Linux users, your distribution will determine the location of your network config file which will need to be updated and saved in order for the changes to remain in effect after rebooting. Network cards are referred to as eth0, eth1, eth2, etc based on their position on the PCI bus.

Special thanks to Gergely for the Linux commands!

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/linux-ip-commands.asp

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DOS / Windows IP Commands

Display Connection Configuration: ipconfig /all

Display DNS Cache Info: ipconfig /displaydns

Clear DNS Cache: ipconfig /flushdns

Release All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /release

Renew All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /renew

Re-Register the DNS connections: ipconfig /registerdns

Change/Modify DHCP Class ID: ipconfig /setclassid

Network Connections: control netconnections

Network Setup Wizard: netsetup.cpl

Test Connectivity: ping www.whatismyip.com

Trace IP address Route: tracert

Displays the TCP/IP protocol sessions: netstat

Display Local Route: route

Display Resolved MAC Addresses: arp

Display Name of Computer Currently on: hostname

Display DHCP Class Information: ipconfig /showclassid

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/dos-windows-ip-commands.asp

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What Is DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

In simple terms, DHCP determines if your IP is static or dynamic.

DHCP is controlled by a DHCP server. Your router can be a DHCP server...and if you're on a home network, it most likely is your DHCP server.

I know this might be confusing because the word dynamic is in the term, but just because you have DHCP enabled on your computer doesn't mean you can't be assigned a static IP. DHCP enabled on your computer simply means you're letting a DHCP server assign its IP. Having it enabled DOES NOT mean it's a DHCP server.

A true DHCP server (not your Linksys router) gives the LAN Admin a ton of control with IP assigning.

Ever print to a network printer? Ever wonder how that printer keeps its network assignment? Probably through DHCP. Each network device has a MAC address. You can assign a static IP at the DHCP server to a specific MAC address. This allows the network printer to always get the same IP even after it reboots and without assigning the IP at the printer. If you print the network configuration at the printer, it will probably tell you that DHCP is enabled and no static IP is assigned. That's because the IP assignment is handled at the DHCP server.

Your ISP has a DHCP server. They can assign IPs by modem MAC addresses. When your modem comes online, it communicates to the network indicating it is looking for an IP address. The DHCP server listens to this communication and starts talking to the modem. The modem then transmits its MAC address to the DHCP server. At that point, either an IP has been reserved for the modem or one is assigned at that time. Hence cloning your MAC address to get a new IP from your ISP.

Routers and DHCP - Under the General Setup or LAN Setup tab in your router, you'll see a settings option for DHCP. You can control how many IPs are assigned or to enable/disable the DHCP server portion of the router. If you disable it, you'll have to statically assign IPs to each computer, or have a DHCP server or your network. This goes for wired and wireless. Any connection on your network has an IP address.

There's a lot more to DHCP than this, but this is a basic explanation.

- JMD Computer India

Source:- http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/what-is-dhcp.asp

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IP Address Management

What is IP Address Management or IPAM?

By breaking down and assigning your internal IP block into segments allows faster troubleshooting when monitoring the network and seeing an erratic IP. Because you’ve segmented the IPs out, you’ll know exactly which segment it’s coming from and can narrow down finding it faster.

Why manage IPs?

Easily track when network monitor software shows errors. If you’re logged on locally to a User’s computer and you’re mapping batch file didn’t run and you need to get a file from one of your servers you don’t have to know the server name, you can simply type \\192.168.1.x to get access to the server you’re needing the file from.

In the scenario I explain below, we’ll have 1 External IP, 5 servers ((Static) 1 handles DHCP (2k3)), 10 printers (Static), 200 wired PCs/users (DHCP).


There are several different ways to set up exact scenarios. This scenario will explain IP Address Management (IPAM) for a small network using my experience and knowledge.


For ease of use, we’re going to say that this is in a brand new facility where no IPs have been assigned and you, as the LAN Admin, have just been told your internet connection is in place and ready to use (this is where the single external IP comes from).


You already know how many devices will be connected to your network in the beginning so it’s now time to lay out a plan. Since most everyone is familiar with the 192.168.1.x IPs, I’ll stick with those. Technically, your first IP is 192.168.1.0 and your last is 192.168.1.255 which gives you 256 IPs. I don’t know of anyone that uses 192.168.1.0. Since we’re human, the first number to us is 1. To a computer, the first number is 0. I don’t think .255 is useable so really, you have 254 IPs available. Your 5 servers should get your first 5 IP addresses and assign them statically even though you can control static assignment in DHCP. You don’t want there to be any chance of these servers losing their IP addresses so you don’t want them to depend on DHCP for IP assignment.


Server 1 also happens to be your DHCP server: 192.168.1.1
Server 2: 192.168.1.2
Server 3: 192.168.1.3
Server 4: 192.168.1.4
Server 5: 192.168.1.5


You have to account for growth so leave .6 through .9 open for future servers whether they’re physical or virtual, they’ll need an IP.


You have 10 printers that will be used by multiple users. IPs in the next segment of the block can be statically assigned at the printer or via the DHCP server…your choice. Every office has a “main” printer/copier/fax. Give it 192.168.1.10. If you think far enough in advance and know that Group 1 will use printer 1 then assign printer 1 192.168.10.11, printer 2 for Group 2 would get 192.168.10.12, etc. all the way through .19. In my experience, if there’s any one piece of equipment you’ll add to your network more than any other, it’ll be a printer. Somebody in one of those groups will get tired of walking 15 feet to the printer and suck up to the boss to get their own printer. Then, people within 5 feet of that person will want to share with them so they don’t have to walk 15 feet to get their stuff either. So that printer will need to be on the network vs. just connected directly to the complainers PC and shared. Lucky you. By the way, remember at the beginning I said this was a brand new facility….hopefully, the people that ran the network drops put in 2 cables at each requested location. Otherwise, you’ll either need to run a cable or take the easy way out and install a 5 port switch. Trust me when I say leave plenty of IPs open for future printers. I would assign .10 through .29 for printers. This gives you 20 IPs for printers so you’ll have 10 IPs free after installing the initial 10 printers.


Finally, we have 200 PCs that will all be hardwired to the LAN and will each need an IP. Starting at .30 going through and including .254 gives you 225 IPs. I’d start my scope in DHCP at .40 through .254. That gives you 215 IPs for users (15 extra) and that also leaves 10 IPs open at the lower range (.30 through .39) for device growth. One thing I didn’t mention yet was managed switches. They’ll need IPs. You can do those at the high end of the spectrum so they’re “out of the way”. Maybe assign them .254, .253, .252, etc. depending on how many you have.


IPAM can get pretty deep especially if you’re dealing with 100’s of PCs and devices. This is where subnetting comes in. I’ll go into further detail in another article, but just for gee whiz this is the tip of the iceberg on subnetting:


For example, 192.168.1.1 with a subnet of 255.255.255.0 is not on the same network as 192.168.2.1 with a subnet of 255.255.255.0 even though they both might be in the same building. However, if you change the third octet in the subnet to 0 like this 255.255.0.0 now 192.168.1.1 with a subnet of 255.255.0.0 and 192.168.2.1 with a subnet of 255.255.0.0 are on the same network. The 255 is sort of a true/false in simple terms, but can get pretty complex if you’re trying to keep networks separate. I’m not a subnet guru by any means, but if you Google subnet calculator you can get a pretty good appreciation for its complexity.

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/ip-address-management.asp

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What Is An IP Address?

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address):

This number is an exclusive number all information technology devices (printers, routers, modems, et al) use which identifies and allows them the ability to communicate with each other on a computer network. There is a standard of communication which is called an Internet Protocol standard (IP). In laymans terms it is the same as your home address. In order for you to receive snail mail at home the sending party must have your correct mailing address (IP address) in your town (network) or you do not receive bills, pizza coupons or your tax refund. The same is true for all equipment on the internet. Without this specific address, information cannot be received. IP addresses may either be assigned permanently for an Email server/Business server or a permanent home resident or temporarily, from a pool of available addresses (first come first serve) from your Internet Service Provider. A permanent number may not be available in all areas and may cost extra so be sure to ask your ISP.

Domain Name System (DNS): This allows the IP address to be translated to words. It is much easier for us to remember a word than a series of numbers. The same is true for email addresses.

For example, it is much easier for you to remember a web address name such as whatismyip.com than it is to remember 192.168.1.1 or in the case of email it is much easier to remember email@somedomain.com than email@192.168.1.1

Dynamic IP Address: An IP address that is not static and could change at any time. This IP address is issued to you from a pool of IP addresses allocated by your ISP or DHCP Server. This is for a large number of customers that do not require the same IP Address all the time for a variety of reasons. Your computer will automatically get this number as it logs on to the network and saves you the trouble of having to know details regarding the specific network configurations. This number can be assigned to anyone using a dial-up connection, Wireless and High Speed Internet connections. If you need to run your own email server or web server, it would be best to have a static IP.

Static IP Address: An IP address that is fixed and never changes. This is in contrast to a dynamic IP address which may change at any time. Most ISP's a single static IP or a block of static IP's for a few extra bucks a month.

IP version 4: Currently used by most network devices. However, with more and more computers accessing the internet, IPv4 addresses are running out quickly. Just like in a city, addresses have to be created for new neighborhoods but, if your neighborhood gets too large, you will have to come up with an entire new pool of addresses. IPv4 is limited to 4,294,967,296 addresses.

IP version 5: This is an experimental protocol for UNIX based systems. In keeping with standard UNIX (a computer Operating System) release conventions, all odd-numbered versions are considered experimental. It was never intended to be used by the general public.

IP version 6: The replacement for the aging IPv4. The estimated number of unique addresses for IPv6 is 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 or 2^128.

The old and current standard of addresses was this: 192.168.100.100 the new way can be written different ways but means the same and are all valid:

* 1080:0000:0000:0000:0000:0034:0000:417A

* 1080:0:0:0:0:34:0:417A

* 1080::34:0:417A

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/what-is-an-ip-address.asp

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multimedia presentation using power point

How to create effective multimedia presentation using power point?

To present one's ideas across clearly, most of us us Microsoft Office Power Point. MS Powerpoint is a great application to create and do stylish and informative presentations. These days, people are using power point to include video clips and audio clips to create a multimedia presentation. Here are some tips on how to use video clips and create a power point presentation.

1. The size of the video
   After inserting video files into presentations the size of the presentation file (.ppt) becomes too big. Therefore to run this presentation a powerful computer with more system memory is required. Due to this reason, some do not show the video clip on 'full screen'. Instead they use a smaller screen for the video. For example in a 640 x 480 resolution monitor a 320 x 240 size video clip will be smaller when viewed. Therefore it is best to keep the size of the video as 640 x 480. A video with this size (640x480) will appear clear on all monitors with different resolutions such as 640x480, 800 x 600, 1024x768, 1280x1024.
2. Compression
   Most of the people choose the MPEG 2 video compression format. However, Microsoft's Widows Media Video (WMV) and Real Network's Real Video compression methods are also pretty good.
   
   Between Widows media video and Real video which is better? Which takes the least CPU time and processing power? Even an average computer can run Windows media video files and hence most of them choose windows media video. Moreover this WMV format is most suitable for Powerpoint. Hence I suggest to use the MWV format for compression for use in power piont.
3. Book marking a scene or a frame in a video
   If you are going to insert a very big video into the power point presentation it is better to use the software Windows Media Encoder File Editor. When you download the windows media encoder, this file editor is also downloaded together with this software. Using this software you can bookmark important scenes in the video. The presenter can jump to any book marked scene in the video while doing the presentation.
   
4. How to Insert a video inside the presentation
   There are three ways how you can insert video into a powerpoint presentation. Let us see which method is the best.
   
   1. Insert Movies and Sounds is the mostly used method. A window will be shown within the slide where you can insert the video and play it by clicking on the window.
   
   2. Insert Object is another method where you can insert the Windows media player as the object. Once you have inserted the media player object right click on this object and choose 'properties'. In the properties window you can show the media controls and in the 'Custom' button you can browse and select the video file stored in your hard disk. This insert object method is the best to show media controls such as Volume control, slider bar, zoom in, zoom out, full screen etc.
   
   3. Action Button. The above two methods are not suitable to show real video and quick time videos inside the power point presentation. But if you have only real video or quick time format video then you can use the 'Action Button' option from the 'Slide Show' menu. Using the action button option you can run any windows applications from within the presentation. So using this option you can choose real video or the quicktime player. If you click the action button the player will be started and the video will run.

Source:- http://www.allpctips.com/software/howto-create-multimedia-powerpoint-presentation.htm

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what is application software and Operating system

what is an Operating system?

To run the installed programs in your computer, to manage the system memory, to manage the file structure in your harddisk, to identify the file extensions and application types and use them accordingly, an operating system is required. Without this operating system, no computer can work. Some of the populare operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux and Solaris.

What is an Application software?

An application written to solve a specific need or requirement is an application software. This can be further classified into customized application software and generic application software. Some example of a generic application software are MS Office, Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia freehand etc. Customized application software are applications developed for a particular company to suit their workflow and automate their processes. There are many software development companies that develop this type of applications.

Source:- http://www.allpctips.com/software/applicationsoftware-operatingsystem.htm

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Imaging software equivalent to Photoshop

Is there a free Imaging software equivalent to Photoshop? What is GIMP?

For handling images in computers most of us use Adobe Photoshop. There is no doubt that Photoshop gives unlimited features for creating and handling images. Printing works, Banners and magazine designs all need images. Photoshop is widely used for all these. But Adobe photoshop is not free. It is illegal to use pirated copies of the software. However a free software is available which can do most of the things photoshop can do. It is called GIMP.

GNU Image Manipulation Program is the full form of GIMP. This is a very popular free open source software that runs on many operating systems and can create, edit and manipulate images much like photoshop. You can download this GIMP software freely from http://www.gimp.org for Windows, Linux, Mac Os or Linux Os.

Do not just download the software from the above website. You can also get details from there about how to install, how to use GIMP from this website.

What is GIMP?

GIMP is an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program. Some call it as General Image Manipulation Program.

To draw images, to handle images, to enhance images GIMP is very useful. Almost everything you do in Photoshop can be done using GIMP. And it is Free. Free software foundation has released this software under the GNU (General Public Licence). Therefore you can even view the source code of this software freely. You can also copy this software and distribute it freely.

How to install GIMP?

If you want the full source code of GIMP and want to compile it yourself then goto www.gimp.org and download the appropriate file for your operating system. Then install it on your computer. Instead if you want the pre-built binary packages of GIMP, download the latest installer from http://gimp-win.sourceforge.net . (recommended) In Windows, installation is very easy by running the executable file. Let us see how to install GIMP in linux. Give this command in your computer.

tar-zxvfgimp-2.0.1.trar.gz

Now the compressed files will be extracted. Now goto the extracted folder and give the following three commands.

/ Configure

make

make uninstall

What are the features available in GIMP?

There are many tools available in GIMP. Paintbrush, airbrush, ctone, blur, sharpen are tools related to painting. There are tools to handle text too. Other tools to change images such as rotation, scaling, flipping, sheearing are also available. Selection tools such as square, oval or freehand tools are available. GIMP can handle image formats such as Tiff, Gif, Jpeg, Bmp, PPm image formats. You can convert images from one format to another format. Other tools such as layers, transparency and scripts are also available.

You can create images according to your imagination. You can get tools from the menu bar or right click and choose from the shortcut menu.

You can convert the created image to CMYK format to print. Colour mixer is another important feature.

As noted above, GIMP has many features as in Adobe photoshop and is freely available. However, GIMP is inferior it photoshop in some ways in terms of quality and power.

Source:- http://www.allpctips.com/software/What-is-GIMP.htm

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What is Linux?

Linux is an operating system that is now gaining popularity and competing against the Operating System giant, Microsoft. In 1993, a student in Finland, Linus Torralds, created Linux. Both home PCs as well as network Computers need an Operating System to function. Both home users and companies spend millions of dollars in purching these operating systems such as Microsoft Windows or Unix. How nice it will be if we can get a free Operating System. Well, Linux is a free open source Operating System that anybody, home user or companies can download and use it freely.

Linux is based on the Unix operating system. Linux solves all your needs. You can linux in a single computer or in a networked enviroment where there are thousands of computers.
But home users still have many doubts and questions about Linux. In this section we will see some of the frequently asked questions about linux.

There are many advertisements selling Linux. Isn't Linux Free?

Linux is totally FREE. You can download Linux from Internet. But if your internet connection is slow, then it may take several hours or even days to download linux and its related applications using your dial-up connection. Just calculate the phone charges and the internet connection charges for this time. If you have a high speed broadband then you will find no problem to download linux from the internet directly.

But to solve the issue for 'dial-up' users many companies download linux and copy it into CDs and sell them. The cost of the CD disk, the cost for sending the CD to your house, and for the service they provide, these companies may charge a meagre amount for the Linux CD. But if you directly download from Internet, it is totally free.

What is Redhat, SuSe?

These are names of companies that market and sell Linux. The heart of the Linux OS is its Kernel. These companies add many utilities and applications based on this kernel and sell it. There are many such companies such as RedHat, Mandrake, Debian, SuSe etc. The linux offered by these companies are called Linux Distributions or simply 'Distros'. The Kernel in all these Distros will be the same. But the utilities and applications may be different in different distros.

Can I copy the linux CD from my friend and install it in my computer?

By all means, Yes. You can make as many copies of the Linux CD of your friend. It is legal.

Is it very difficult to use Linux?

If you learn and know the linux commands then it is easy to operate your computer. The Character User Interface in Linux requires you to know and remember the commands. But using the 'Graphical User Interface' of Linux, anybody can use Linux without the need to learn and remember the commands. You can use desktop environments such as 'Gnome' or 'Kde' to get the graphical user interface. This GUI environment will be similar to the Windows environment.

Do all hardware work with Linux?

Some old hardware may not work with linux. But all the recent and new hardware works well in linux. A common hardware problem is with the 'winmodem'. If you are using this type of internal winmodem, then you may have to buy the latest modem.

Are there applications for Linux? Are they free?

There are plenty of applications for linux. Most of them are free. Open Office, GIMP, Real Player, MTV, Doom are some examples.

I do not want to stop using Windows. Can I still use Linux?

Yes you can. This is called Dual booting or Multibooting. You can install linux in a separate partition. Whenever you boot, you can select whether you want to boot from windows or linux.

Source:- http://www.allpctips.com/software/what_is_linux.htm

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