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Linux IP Commands

Display Current Config for all NIC's: ifconfig

Display Current Config for eth0: ifconfig eth0

Assign IP: ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2

Ping: ping -c 3 192.168.1.1

Assign multiple IP's: ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.2

Assign second IP: ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.3

Disable network card: ifconfig eth0 down

Enable network card: ifconfig eth0 up

View current routing table: route "or" route -n

View arp cache: arp "or" arp -n

Assign IP/Subnet: ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0

Assign Default Gateway: route add default gw 192.168.1.1

Trace Route: traceroute www.whatismyip.com

Trace Path: tracepath www.whatismyip.com

DNS Test: host www.whatismyip.com

Advanced DNS Test: dig www.whatismyip.com

Reverse Lookup: host 66.11.119.69

Advanced Reverse Lookup: dig -x 66.11.119.69

You MUST be at the ROOT user to make/save any changes. Linux users, your distribution will determine the location of your network config file which will need to be updated and saved in order for the changes to remain in effect after rebooting. Network cards are referred to as eth0, eth1, eth2, etc based on their position on the PCI bus.

Special thanks to Gergely for the Linux commands!

- JMD COMPUTER INDIA

Source: http://www.whatismyip.com/faq/linux-ip-commands.asp

what is application software and Operating system

10:09 PM | Application Software , Computer Information , computer tricks , laptop , Linux , Software , windows

what is an Operating system?

To run the installed programs in your computer, to manage the system memory, to manage the file structure in your harddisk, to identify the file extensions and application types and use them accordingly, an operating system is required. Without this operating system, no computer can work. Some of the populare operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux and Solaris.

What is an Application software?

An application written to solve a specific need or requirement is an application software. This can be further classified into customized application software and generic application software. Some example of a generic application software are MS Office, Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia freehand etc. Customized application software are applications developed for a particular company to suit their workflow and automate their processes. There are many software development companies that develop this type of applications.

Source:- http://www.allpctips.com/software/applicationsoftware-operatingsystem.htm

What is Linux?

10:03 PM | Computer Information , computer tricks , laptop , Linux , Software , windows

Linux is an operating system that is now gaining popularity and competing against the Operating System giant, Microsoft. In 1993, a student in Finland, Linus Torralds, created Linux. Both home PCs as well as network Computers need an Operating System to function. Both home users and companies spend millions of dollars in purching these operating systems such as Microsoft Windows or Unix. How nice it will be if we can get a free Operating System. Well, Linux is a free open source Operating System that anybody, home user or companies can download and use it freely.

Linux is based on the Unix operating system. Linux solves all your needs. You can linux in a single computer or in a networked enviroment where there are thousands of computers.
But home users still have many doubts and questions about Linux. In this section we will see some of the frequently asked questions about linux.

There are many advertisements selling Linux. Isn't Linux Free?

Linux is totally FREE. You can download Linux from Internet. But if your internet connection is slow, then it may take several hours or even days to download linux and its related applications using your dial-up connection. Just calculate the phone charges and the internet connection charges for this time. If you have a high speed broadband then you will find no problem to download linux from the internet directly.

But to solve the issue for 'dial-up' users many companies download linux and copy it into CDs and sell them. The cost of the CD disk, the cost for sending the CD to your house, and for the service they provide, these companies may charge a meagre amount for the Linux CD. But if you directly download from Internet, it is totally free.

What is Redhat, SuSe?

These are names of companies that market and sell Linux. The heart of the Linux OS is its Kernel. These companies add many utilities and applications based on this kernel and sell it. There are many such companies such as RedHat, Mandrake, Debian, SuSe etc. The linux offered by these companies are called Linux Distributions or simply 'Distros'. The Kernel in all these Distros will be the same. But the utilities and applications may be different in different distros.

Can I copy the linux CD from my friend and install it in my computer?

By all means, Yes. You can make as many copies of the Linux CD of your friend. It is legal.

Is it very difficult to use Linux?

If you learn and know the linux commands then it is easy to operate your computer. The Character User Interface in Linux requires you to know and remember the commands. But using the 'Graphical User Interface' of Linux, anybody can use Linux without the need to learn and remember the commands. You can use desktop environments such as 'Gnome' or 'Kde' to get the graphical user interface. This GUI environment will be similar to the Windows environment.

Do all hardware work with Linux?

Some old hardware may not work with linux. But all the recent and new hardware works well in linux. A common hardware problem is with the 'winmodem'. If you are using this type of internal winmodem, then you may have to buy the latest modem.

Are there applications for Linux? Are they free?

There are plenty of applications for linux. Most of them are free. Open Office, GIMP, Real Player, MTV, Doom are some examples.

I do not want to stop using Windows. Can I still use Linux?

Yes you can. This is called Dual booting or Multibooting. You can install linux in a separate partition. Whenever you boot, you can select whether you want to boot from windows or linux.

Source:- http://www.allpctips.com/software/what_is_linux.htm

Tutorial to Hide visited websites from others

9:48 PM | Computer Information , computer tricks , Internet , laptop , Software , Systems Software , windows

We search for lots of information on the internet. But it is not necessary that others know about this. Whenever you visit any website this information is captured and stored in your computer in the form of 'cache', 'cookie', 'history', and 'windows registry'. There is a danger due to this. Whoever uses the same computer after you have used can find out which websites you have been visiting. If you have a personal computer that no one else will ever use, then you don't have to worry much about this. But if your home or office computer is shared then you better clear this history. In this tutorial let us see how to completely remove the recently visited websites from your computer.

Cache Folder

Every time you visit a website, every browser has the functionality to store the images, websites, urls etc in your hard disk somewhere in the temporary folders. This is useful to save bandwidth. When you visit the same website again, instead of downloading all the images again, the browser will retrieve them from the temporary folders from your hard disks and therefore increasing the speed and saving internet bandwidth. So when you finish browsing you can clear these temporary folders. This temporary folder is usually referred to as Cache. The exact location of this folder will differ based on the browser you are using. For instance if you use Internet explorer then this cache is located in the 'Temporary Internet Files' folder under your c:\Windows folder.
You can either delete from this folder or you can delete it from your browser. Goto Tools-> Internet Options. Under the General tab click 'Delete Files' button.
History

All the browsers also store the urls of every website you visit. This is used to show the address of the site on the 'Address Bar' when you start typing the first few letters of the websited address, the browser will take from the history and prompt you for the full address. This makes your job easier so that you need not type the full address every time. But if you want to hide the sites you visit then you have to remove this history also. Internet explorer stores this history in a folder called 'History' under c:\Windows folder.

Or you can delete history from your browser. Goto Tools-> Internet OPtions. Select the 'General' tab and click on 'Clear History' button. In the confirmation dialog box select 'OK'. This will clear your history.
Cookies

Whenever you visit websites, some information about you and some information about that website is stored in your computer's hard disk. When you visit the same site again, the information stored in this cookie file will be read to identify you. This is especially useful for sites that can personlize the site for you and displays messages such as 'welcome your_name' etc. But this cookie also stores the name of the site you visit so you should also delete these cookies if you want to hide the sites you visited.

To delete cookies, goto Tools->Internet Options. And click on 'Delete Cookies' button. Or you can choose the security tab and click on 'Custom Level' button to disable or enable cookies.
Registry

Another place in which the websites you visited are stored is the windows registry. It is not advisible to modify registries if you are not sure how to use them. Only those who are confident and willing to take risk should touch the registry. Click on 'Start->Run' and type 'regedit' and press enter. The windows registry will open. Now click on 'Edit->find' and type 'URL History'. In the right hand side you can see a list of website addresses that you visited. You can select them one by one and delete them. programs, viruses and hackers.

Source: - http://www.allpctips.com/internet/hide-history-of-websites-you-visited.htm

How to Save Money on Domain Hosting and Website Cost

9:35 PM | DNS , Domain , Hosting , Internet , JMD Infotech India , laptop , Linux , Software , Web Developing , windows

In many instances, when people think about having an affordable custom website designed, they forget about the cost of domain registrations, and of monthly hosting charges, but, unlike web design, which is a one time investment, domain registrations are annual, and hosting costs are monthly, so shopping around is important!

Here are a few key points to remember when looking for web hosting for your affordable business website:

• Different domain name extensions, for example .com, .net, .biz and others are priced at different rates.

• This means that not only might you be able to get your chosen name, albeit with a slightly different extension, but by opting for anything other than a .com, you might pay less for it too. Even though you may save a couple of dollars by choosing a less common extension, most people remember .com.

• Most large web domain registrars and hosting companies offer package deals from time to time that include a small amount of hosting space, and perhaps a single pop3 email account.

• While these types of packages may be a good idea for a very small starter site, if you are planning a site with graphics, photos, tables or other features, chances are you will need to opt for a separate hosting package.

• Another good idea, particularly if you will be having staff working for you, or plan to, is to sign up for more email addresses, which will help you sort through emails.

• Speak to the web designer you have chosen for the your affordable custom web design project, and find out how much space they recommend you opt for, based on your website plan, and then you'll need to address bandwidth, which will determine how much traffic your site can handle! There's no point in having a great site, that's well marketed, and receives a lot of traffic, only to find you don't have the bandwidth to support it!

• Check that the hosting package you choose has an FTP upload portal, which will make uploading your site, an updating it later on, much easier.

• Shop around for the best packages, and try considering smaller companies as well as larger ones, like godaddy.com, or yahoo.com.

Getting a professional, affordable custom website is entirely possible, although, you will need to take all factors into account. High domain registration charges, or monthly hosting costs, can add up, and may even end up costing you more than the web design cost itself!

If you are using a web designer, ask them to include the cost of domain registration and hosting, if they offer it, in your quote, as a separate item. You may find that it is easier, and possibly cheaper, to use their services, but if not, it gives you the option to shop around.

So remember, when planning an affordable custom website for your business, that design is not the only cost issue you will need to take into account. Make sure you get the best domain registration and web hosting package, that offers adequate space and bandwidth, along with email accounts, if necessary, and save all round!

Daniel Sims is Senior Designer at Caviar Web Design, a website design firm specializing in affordable website and graphic design for small businesses. Visit JMD Computer.

Source: - http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Save-Money-on-Domain-Hosting-and-Website-Cost&id=2132290

Compaq Presario C772TU Notebook PC Driver

11:22 PM | Driver , laptop , Software , Systems Software , windows

Compatible software and drivers

The following software and drivers are compatible with your product and the operating system Microsoft Windows Vista (64-bit)

Driver – Audio

Conexant High-Definition Audio Driver

Released: 2008-09-10

Version: 4.42.0.0 A